This is an inspection method which allows for flaw detection within the volume of a material. Using this technique you can “look” inside a weld, so to speak.

The technique is based on the induction of high frequency ultrasonic energy into the material to be tested. The amount of reflected energy caused by a (sub)surface defect is then compared to the applied acceptance criteria. Ultrasonic examination is not limited to weld inspection. It can also be used for thickness measurement,
inspection of castings, forgings and corrosion detection in structures on both on and offshore.

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This method is used to reveal surface breaking defects by the bleed out of a coloured or fluorescent dye.

The technique is based on the ability of a liquid to be drawn into a surface breaking defect by capillary action. This method is a generally low cost solution which is applicable on most solid materials and can be used for the inspection of newly fabricated products as well as on in-service components. Dye penetrant inspection may be
applied under day light conditions using a red contrast dye for regular sensitivity flaw detection. When a high detection sensitivity is required the fluorescent method may be used under appropriate light conditions.

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Magnetic particle inspection(MPI) is a method used for detection of flaws in ferrous materials, mostly for surface breaking defects.

MPI is relatively fast and easy to apply. Surface preparation is not always as critical as with Dye penetrant inspection. MPI is therefore one of the most widely utilized non-destructive testing techniques. A white contrast paint is often applied, before commencing the inspection, for better defect visibility. Fluorescent inks are used where a high detection sensitivity is required or where the appliance of a white contrast
paint is prohibited.

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